{"id":19557,"date":"2026-01-16T14:47:20","date_gmt":"2026-01-16T14:47:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/historyofparliament.com\/?p=19557"},"modified":"2026-01-16T17:02:06","modified_gmt":"2026-01-16T17:02:06","slug":"crossing-the-floor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/historyofparliament.com\/2026\/01\/16\/crossing-the-floor\/","title":{"rendered":"Crossing the Floor: Tales from the Oral History Project"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Following some recent, high-profile, political defections, Alfie Steer <\/a>and Dr Emma Peplow <\/a>have delved into the History of Parliament\u2019s Oral History archive to explore historical cases of MPs changing their party affiliations: their causes, motivations and wider significance.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Political defections, commonly known in Westminster parlance as \u2018Crossing the Floor\u2019, have been a phenomenon in Parliament since at least the 17th<\/sup> century. This has either happened en masse<\/em>, as part of major schisms within pre-existing parties (such as the establishment of the Liberal Unionists in the late 19th<\/sup> century, or the Social Democratic Party in 1981 and The Independent Group\/Change UK in 2019), or on an individual level, motivated either by political issues of national significance, or as a result of local contexts. In the History of Parliament\u2019s Oral History archive, multiple former MPs have recounted their decision to \u2018cross the floor\u2019 and change party affiliation. These were frequently extremely difficult decisions, often at huge personal cost, in some instances causing the end of long-term friendships or associations. They also frequently reflected major changes in British politics happening well beyond their immediate experiences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some MPs took the difficult decision to leave their party because of local issues, typically involving conflicts with their constituency parties. In 1973, Dick Taverne, the moderate Labour MP for Lincoln (1962-74), resigned the whip after his local party deselected him due to his pro-European views, particularly for voting in favour of the UK joining the European Economic Community (EEC)<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dick Taverne intereviewed by Jason Lower, 2012. Download ALT text here.<\/a> <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n
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\"Photograph
Official portrait of Lord Taverne, 2018. Accessed via Wikimedia Commons.<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Taverne would subsequently resign his seat to trigger a by-election, which he won under the \u2018Democratic Labour\u2019 label. It was the first time a candidate other than the Conservatives, Labour or the Liberals had won an English by-election in the post-war era. While Taverne\u2019s parliamentary career after Labour was brief (he was defeated at the October 1974 general election by Labour\u2019s Margaret Beckett), it anticipated later political events, most notably the defection of Labour\u2019s \u2018Gang of Four\u2019 and the establishment of the Social Democratic Party (SDP) in 1981. Taverne himself would join the SDP, and later stand again for Parliament (in Dulwich, unsuccessfully) in 1983, before becoming a Liberal Democrat peer in 1996. In 1977, Reg Prentice (Newham North-East, formerly East Ham North, 1957-79; Daventry, 1979-87) left the Labour Party due to similar local conflicts, but took the far more controversial decision of defecting directly to the Conservatives. He would later change constituencies and serve as a minister in Margaret Thatcher\u2019s first government. Once again, Prentice\u2019s defection partly showcased the various political divisions emerging within the Labour Party at the end of the 1970s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Other defections were directly motivated by national political issues. In 1976, Scottish MPs Jim Sillars (South Ayrshire, 1970-79; Glasgow Govan, 1988-92) and John Robertson (Paisley, 1961-79) both resigned from Labour to set-up the \u2018Scottish Labour Party\u2019 (SLP). They were motivated by the issue of devolution, and frustration with the failure of the incumbent Labour government to establish a devolved Scottish Assembly with substantial economic powers.<\/p>\n\n\n

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\"Logo
Logo of the Scottish Labour Party (1976-1981). Accessed via Wikimedia Commons<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

While Sillars never regretted his decision to leave Labour and set up the SLP, he did admit that it was a \u2018rush to the head\u2019 and not fully thought through.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jim Sillars interviewed by Malcolm Petrie, 8 January 2015. Download ALT text here.<\/a> <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Nevertheless, though the SLP ultimately enjoyed little electoral success, and was dissolved by 1981, Sillars and Robertson\u2019s defections reflected the growing influence of Scottish nationalism in British politics, and anticipated the left-wing, pro-European form it would take in the following decades. In 1988 Sillars was returned to Parliament following a by-election in Glasgow Govan, this time standing as a candidate for the Scottish National Party (SNP), on a platform designed to outflank Labour from the left<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

In 1995, Emma Nicholson, Conservative MP for Torridge and West Devon (1987-97) left the Conservative Party to join the Liberal Democrats. Her decision was motivated partly by discontent with her former party, which she believed was moving too far to the right, particularly on issues like Europe. Such policy issues would also motivate Robert Jackson (Wantage, 1983-2005), to leave the Conservative Party in 2005, in his case for Labour.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

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\"Photograph
Emma, Baroness Nicholson of Winterbourne, photographed by Barbara Luckhurst, 2018.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Like other defections, Nicholson\u2019s departure from the Conservatives reflected wider developments, but was also of notable personal significance, being the member of a very prominent Conservative family.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Emma Nicholson interviewed by Emmeline Ledgerwood, 9 August 2013. Download ALT text here. <\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Our interviews with both Sillars and Nicholson emphasise the emotional cost of leaving their parties. Party membership is more than a collection of people with shared political outlook; very deep relationships are made and it can be a key part of a politician\u2019s identity.  For Sillars, leaving the Labour Party was \u2018like a Catholic leaving the church [\u2026] it\u2019s a tremendous trauma, personal trauma\u2019 and the pressure really affected his health (he developed ulcers), his family and marriage. Nicholson described being \u2018extremely angry\u2019 with the Conservatives before she left. In part her defection was her response to feeling \u2018bullied\u2019 by the whips and a determination to resist that behaviour. Yet it was a decision she reached \u2018very sadly, because I am intrinsically a Conservative.\u2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the most unusual political defections recounted in our project was that of Andrew Hunter. Having sat as the Conservative MP for Basingstoke since 1983, Hunter resigned the party whip in 2002, before joining the Northern Irish Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) in 2004. This was the first time an MP for a mainland British constituency represented a Northern Irish party since T.P. O\u2019Connor, the Irish Nationalist MP for Liverpool Scotland (1885-1929). Hunter\u2019s decision was motivated by conflicts with the Tory leader Iain Duncan Smith, particularly over the party\u2019s controversial links to the right-wing Monday Club<\/a> (which Hunter supported), disillusionment with the Westminster system, and a desire to pursue a political career in Northern Ireland, owing to his long-standing connections to the DUP and wider unionist community, particularly the Orange Order.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unsurprisingly, many of these defections sparked outrage among their former colleagues. Sillars would describe the \u2018vicious\u2019 reaction he received, while others would describe being accused of opportunism, cowardice or treason. In some instances, the defectors\u2019 new political allies were not always entirely welcoming either. Interestingly, in many cases these defections were explained as not due to any significant change in the views of the MPs themselves, but out of discontent with their former party\u2019s trajectory. Versions of the phrase \u2018I didn\u2019t leave the party, the party left me\u2019 was commonly used by Labour defectors to the SDP in the 1980s, as well as by Emma Nicholson in 1995. Indeed, while some of these defections proved permanent, such as in the case of the SDP or Sillars, others were ultimately temporary. In 2016, Emma Nicholson rejoined the Conservative Party \u2018with tremendous pleasure\u2019 (BBC News, 10 September 2016), while more recently, Luciana Berger, who left Labour to form The Independent Group\/Change UK in 2019 and later joined the Lib Dems, now sits in the Lords as a Labour peer. Both instances suggest that while defections have often been dramatic and bitterly divisive, reconciliation has also occasionally been possible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ultimately, stories from our Oral History Project reveal that political defections are often highly personal decisions and experiences, but can also reflect wider political developments, and even play a role in shaping subsequent events.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A.S. & E.P.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Download ALT text for all audio clips here. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Further Reading<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Andy Beckett, \u2018Emma Nicholson: Not her sort of party\u2019, Independent<\/em>, 31 December 1995.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tom Chidwick, \u2018\u201cReturn Taverne\u201d: 50 years on from the Lincoln by-election\u2019, Mile End Institute blog<\/em>, 1 March 2023<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ivor Crewe and Anthony King, SDP: The Birth, Life and Death of the Social Democratic Party<\/em> (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Geoff Horn, Crossing the Floor: Reg Prentice and the Crisis of British Social Democracy<\/em> (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2016).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ben Jackson, \u2018From British Labourism to Scottish Nationalism: Jim Sillars\u2019 Journey\u2019, Scottish Affairs <\/em>31:2 (2022), pp.233-239.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rebecca McKee and Jack Pannell, \u2018MPs who change party allegiance\u2019, Institute for Government blog<\/em>, 12 March 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Emma Peplow and Priscilla Pivatto, The Political Lives of Postwar MPs<\/em> (London: Bloomsbury, 2020).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Following some recent, high-profile, political defections, Alfie Steer and Dr Emma Peplow have delved into the History of Parliament\u2019s Oral History archive to explore historical cases of MPs changing their party affiliations: their causes, motivations and wider significance. Political defections, commonly known in Westminster parlance as \u2018Crossing the Floor\u2019, have been a phenomenon in Parliament since at least the 17th century. This has either happened … Continue reading Crossing the Floor: Tales from the Oral History Project<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":252011230,"featured_media":19574,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_crdt_document":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false},"categories":[4406049,774275740,774275544,34931755,368880,774275906,774275759,165907480,104839,774275741,94605313,66026088],"tags":[774276213,774276210,774276208,17379255,8366254,774275501,35890,774276214,774276216,774275497,774276211,774276212,774276209,774276215],"class_list":["post-19557","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-20th-century-history","category-constituencies","category-contemporary-history","category-elections-2","category-factions","category-john-major","category-margaret-thatcher","category-post-1945-history","category-oral-history","category-parliamentary-life","category-political-parties","category-scottish-history","tag-andrew-hunter","tag-crossing-the-floor","tag-defection","tag-dick-taverne","tag-emma-nicholson","tag-factions","tag-featured","tag-jim-sillars","tag-john-robertson","tag-oral-history","tag-reg-prentice","tag-robert-jackson","tag-schism","tag-scottish-labour-party"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/historyofparliament.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/image-1.png?fit=960%2C1280&ssl=1","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p2QYNW-55r","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":15140,"url":"https:\/\/historyofparliament.com\/2024\/10\/30\/tales-from-the-green-benches-an-oral-history-of-parliament\/","url_meta":{"origin":19557,"position":0},"title":"Tales from the Green Benches: An Oral History of Parliament","author":"History of Parliament","date":"October 30, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"This week, The History of Parliament Trust is excited to announce a new podcast series, \u2018Tales from the Green Benches: An Oral History of Parliament\u2019.\u00a0 Since 2012, the History of Parliament has been interviewing former members of the House of Commons in order to capture personal reflections of lives lived\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "History of Parliament Trust"","block_context":{"text":"History of Parliament Trust","link":"https:\/\/historyofparliament.com\/category\/history-of-parliament-trust\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/historyofparliament.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/image-1.png?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/historyofparliament.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/image-1.png?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/historyofparliament.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/image-1.png?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/historyofparliament.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/image-1.png?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/historyofparliament.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/image-1.png?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":828,"url":"https:\/\/historyofparliament.com\/2014\/12\/16\/history-of-parliament-oral-history\/","url_meta":{"origin":19557,"position":1},"title":"Parliaments, Politics and People seminar: Priscila Pivatto & Emma Peplow, \u2018MPs in their own words: the History of Parliament\u2019s oral history project\u2019","author":"Emma Peplow","date":"December 16, 2014","format":false,"excerpt":"Our last \u2018Parliaments, Politics and People\u2019 seminar was an internal affair, as Priscila Pivatto and Emma Peplow spoke on the History of Parliament\u2019s own national oral history project, which is recording MPs\u2019 memories in their own words. 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