{"id":19261,"date":"2025-12-11T08:30:00","date_gmt":"2025-12-11T08:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/historyofparliament.com\/?p=19261"},"modified":"2025-12-09T12:16:03","modified_gmt":"2025-12-09T12:16:03","slug":"peter-mclagan-senior-1774-1860","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/historyofparliament.com\/2025\/12\/11\/peter-mclagan-senior-1774-1860\/","title":{"rendered":"Peter McLagan senior (1774-1860): enslaver, plantation owner and landed proprietor"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

In this second article <\/em>in his series on Peter McLagan<\/em><\/a>, MP for Linthgowshire 1865-1893, <\/em>Dr Martin Spychal<\/em><\/a> explores the life of McLagan\u2019s father, Peter McLagan senior (1774-1860). A farmer\u2019s son from Perthshire, McLagan senior acquired considerable wealth as an enslaver and plantation owner in Demerara (modern-day Guyana) during the early nineteenth century. He relocated to Edinburgh in the 1820s, following which he received extensive \u2018compensation\u2019 under the terms of the <\/em>1833 Slavery Abolition<\/em> Act<\/a> and established himself as a landed proprietor in Linlithgowshire (modern West Lothian).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Peter McLagan senior was born in 1774 in Moulin, Perthshire. He was the son of a tenant farmer, John McLagan, and Girzel \u2018Grace\u2019 McLagan, n\u00e9e McInroy. McLagan senior had travelled to Demerara (modern-day Guyana) by around 1797, where his uncle, James McInroy,<\/a> was an enslaver, merchant trader and plantation owner. McInroy was a founding partner of McInroy, Sandbach & Co<\/a>., part of the \u2018mercantile conglomerate<\/a>\u2019 that later became Sandbach Tinn\u00e9 & Co.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

McLagan senior managed the enslaved labour forces on several plantations on the Essequibo coast during the first two decades of the nineteenth century, most of which were owned by (or financially connected to) McInroy, Sandbach & Co. Two of these plantations were the Coffee Grove and Caledonia estates. In 1820 467 enslaved persons were recorded on both estates, where a mixture of coffee, sugar and cotton were grown. The slave-produced coffee, sugar and cotton (and rum) was exported primarily to the UK, where it was distributed by the Liverpool and Glasgow partner branches of McInroy, Sandbach and Co.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"A<\/a>
Locations of Coffee Grove, Caledonia and Water Street on a composite 1842 map of British Guiana. Original source: J. Arrowsmith, ‘Map of British Guiana’ (1 Aug. 1842), David Rumsey Map Collection, David Rumsey Map Center, Stanford Libraries<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

McLagan senior managed Coffee Grove and Caledonia as a joint enterprise from at least 1804. By 1815 he had made sufficient income to become a co-owner of the estates and a partner (with a 5% stake) in McInroy, Sandbach & Co. He sold out of McInroy, Sandbach & Co. in 1821, when his 5% share was worth at least \u00a312,500, but continued to own Coffee Grove & Caledonia until at least the late 1830s. In 1829 his 50% stake in these plantations (his co-owner was Samuel Sandbach) was valued at \u00a331,200 (for more on calculating wealth in modern terms see below).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Outside of plantation management on the Essequibo coast, McLagan senior lived in the elite Kingstown district of Georgetown from at least 1814, probably at a property he owned on Water Street. A Presbyterian, in 1815 he was a founding committee member and benefactor of St Andrew’s Kirk, Georgetown. Two years later he purchased a second Georgetown property in the Cummingsburg district.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although he did not marry until his return to the UK, McLagan senior was the father of two sons born in Demerara, John (1821-1850) and Peter junior (1823-1900). The latter served as MP for Linlithgowshire between 1865 and 1893, and a number of contemporary sources indicate he was of African or Caribbean heritage<\/a>. No formal record identifying either boy\u2019s mother has yet been discovered. However, between 1820 and 1823, McLagan senior purchased a Barbadian-born enslaved woman named Filly and her three children (Henrietta, Joe and Robert) from another domestic residence in Georgetown.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Filly and her children were enslaved at McLagan\u2019s senior\u2019s Water Street residence between 1820 and 1823, where they continued to live until at least August 1834. Filly, whose story I\u2019ll explore in the next article in this series, may have been John and Peter\u2019s mother, or possibly their wet nurse. Alternatively, the timing of her sale to McLagan senior, and the birth of his two sons, may have been a coincidence. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

McLagan senior left Demerara with his two sons John and Peter in June 1825 on board the Boode<\/em>. The boat, which was owned by McInroy, Sandbach & Co., was loaded with an extensive cargo of sugar, rum, cotton, coffee and \u2018one pipe\u2019 of madeira wine. McLagan senior and his children arrived in Liverpool in August 1825, following which they lived between Perth and Edinburgh. In 1827 McLagan senior married Elizabeth Hagart Steuart. The family subsequently moved to 77 Great King Street, Edinburgh. Elizabeth died in November 1833.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"A<\/a>
Google Maps<\/a> view of 77 Great King Street, Edinburgh <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Over the following three decades McLagan senior played a limited role in Scottish public life. Politically he was a Conservative: he was probably the Peter McLagan who signed the Edinburgh anti-reform petition in April 1831, and in the later 1830s he offered some financial assistance to Conservative electioneering efforts. He supported the authority of the Court of Session over rights of patronage in the Scottish church in the lead up to the Disruption<\/strong><\/a>, and remained a member of the Kirk following the establishment of the Free Church.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

By January 1836 McLagan senior had been awarded extensive \u2018compensation\u2019 under the terms of the 1833 Slavery Abolition Act<\/a> for formerly enslaved persons at his Water Street residence and Coffee Grove and Caledonia estates in British Guiana (formerly Demerara). On 14 December 1835 he received \u00a3189 0s<\/em>. 3d<\/em>. for Filly and her two surviving children (Joe and Robert), who continued to live at Water Street. On 18 January 1836 he was awarded a share (probably 50%) of \u00a321,480 10s.<\/em> 10d<\/em>. for 407 formerly enslaved persons on the Coffee Grove and Caledonia plantations.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"A<\/a>
Composite image of the 1837 House of Lords report on ‘compensation’ granted by the slavery compensation commission. Claim 1303 was for Filly and her two surviving children at McLagan senior’s Water Street residence. Claim 2512 was for 407 formerly enslaved persons on the Coffee Grove and Caledonia plantations.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

In 1842 McLagan senior purchased the Pumpherston and Calderbank estates in Linlithgowshire (modern West Lothian), which covered around 1,000 acres. Following this he referred to himself as a \u2018landed proprietor\u2019 in official documentation. That said, he continued to live primarily in Edinburgh, while entrusting the management of the estates to his son, Peter McLagan junior. McLagan senior died of a \u2018disease of [the] heart\u2019 in April 1860, aged 85, at his Great King Street residence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>An exact probate valuation for McLagan senior\u2019s estates has not yet been discovered. However, in a subsequent interview, Peter McLagan junior claimed that his father had been \u2018worth \u00a3100,000\u2019 at his death. While this may have been a retrospective embellishment, it is in keeping with McLagan junior\u2019s own place in Britain\u2019s \u2018Upper 10,000\u2019 by the 1870s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If McLagan senior had died with an estate worth around \u00a3100,000 in 1860 it would have comfortably made him one of the richest 10,000 people in the UK, and one of the 1,000 richest people in Scotland. Trying to make modern comparisons of estate values and personal wealth of historic figures is an imperfect science. However, the online historical financial tool MeasuringWorth<\/a> does offer some comparative figures. It suggests that dying with an estate worth \u00a3100,000 in 1860 is equivalent to leaving assets with a \u2018relative income\u2019 value of around \u00a3128 million in 2025<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Check back for the next article in the series in early 2026. <\/em>To read the first article in Martin\u2019s series click here<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This article reflects ongoing research into Peter McLagan (1865-1900). The author would like to thank Dr Alison Clark for sharing her research on McLagan senior and Sandbach Tinne & Co. and the participants of a workshop on Peter McLagan held at the National Archives in October 2025. If you would like to discuss this article and the sources used, please contact Martin at mspychal@histparl.ac.uk<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Suggested Reading<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A. Clark, \u2018Expanding the Boundaries of Empire, 1790-1838: Scottish Traders in the Southeast Caribbean: Slavery, Cotton and the Rise of Sandbach Tinn\u00e9 & Co.<\/a>\u2019, PhD Univ. Edinburgh (2024)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Al Nasir, Searching for My Slave Roots: From Guyana\u2019s Sugar Plantations to Cambridge <\/em>(2025)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Al Nasir (ed.), \u2018Sandbach Tinne Collection\u2019, Cambridge Digital Library<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

D. Alston, Slaves and Highlanders: Silenced Histories of Scotland and the Caribbean<\/em> (2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N. Draper, The Price of Emancipation: Slave-Ownership, Compensation and British Society at the End of Slavery <\/em>(2013)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C. Hall, N. Draper, K. McClelland, K. Donington & R. Lang, Legacies of British Slave-Ownership: Colonial Slavery and the Formation of Victorian Britain<\/em> (2014)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018Peter McLagan\u2019, Centre for the Study of Legacies of British Slavery, https:\/\/www.ucl.ac.uk\/lbs\/person\/view\/41631<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

E. A. Cameron, \u2018McLagan, Peter (1822\/3-1900)\u2019, Oxford DNB <\/em>(2023), www.oxforddnb.com<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Scotlands People, \u2018Our records: Peter McLagan (1823\u20131900, British Liberal Party politician and Scotland\u2019s first black MP<\/strong><\/a>\u2019 (2022)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dr Martin Spychal explores the life of Peter McLagan senior (1774-1860). A farmer\u2019s son from Perthshire, McLagan senior acquired considerable wealth as an enslaver and plantation owner in Demerara (modern-day Guyana) during the early nineteenth century. He received extensive \u2018compensation\u2019 under the terms of the 1833 Abolition of Slavery Act. Continue reading Peter McLagan senior (1774-1860): enslaver, plantation owner and landed proprietor<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":99266922,"featured_media":17409,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_crdt_document":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false},"categories":[124494893,20918757,4706867,774275560,11942052,66026088,52713,774275561],"tags":[774276204,35890,774276202,774276201,774276122,774276203,774276199,774276200,774275491,774276205,774275521],"class_list":["post-19261","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-victorian-commons","category-18th-century-history","category-19th-century-history","category-georgian","category-history-of-parliament-trust","category-scottish-history","category-slavery","category-victorian","tag-1833-abolition-of-slavery-act","tag-featured","tag-james-mcinroy","tag-mcinroy-sandbach","tag-peter-mclagan","tag-samuel-sandbach","tag-sandbach","tag-sandbach-tinne-co","tag-slavery","tag-slavery-compensation","tag-victorian-commons"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/historyofparliament.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/PP-1837-38-xlviii.-215-HOUSE-OF-LORDS-PAPER.jpg?fit=462%2C201&ssl=1","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p2QYNW-50F","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":17401,"url":"https:\/\/historyofparliament.com\/2025\/06\/12\/peter-mclagan-scotlands-first-black-mp\/","url_meta":{"origin":19261,"position":0},"title":"Peter McLagan (1823-1900): Scotland\u2019s first Black MP","author":"Martin Spychal","date":"June 12, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"This is the first article in a new series for the Victorian Commons on Peter McLagan (1823-1900), by Dr Martin Spychal, Senior Research Fellow on our House of Commons 1832-1868 project. 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