{"id":18113,"date":"2025-08-11T07:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-08-11T06:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/historyofparliament.com\/?p=18113"},"modified":"2025-08-11T14:38:46","modified_gmt":"2025-08-11T13:38:46","slug":"ronald-gower-social-life-of-a-queer-mp","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/historyofparliament.com\/2025\/08\/11\/ronald-gower-social-life-of-a-queer-mp\/","title":{"rendered":"Lord Ronald Gower (1845-1916): the social life of a queer MP at the time of the Second Reform Act"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

In the second article in his series<\/a> on Lord Ronald Gower (1845-1916), Dr Martin Spychal<\/a> explores Gower\u2019s London social life during his first year in Parliament, including a brief summer romance with the son of the commissioner of the Metropolitan Police.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the most privileged men in nineteenth-century Britain, Lord Ronald Gower (1845-1916), was returned to Parliament in May 1867, aged 21, for his family\u2019s pocket county of Sutherland. As discussed in my first article of this series<\/a>, historians and literary critics have shown how Gower played an influential role in shaping British queer identities, utilising his position of privilege to navigate life as a queer man in late nineteenth-century Britain.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/a>
Lord Ronald Charles Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, Camile Silvy (1865), \u00a9 National Portrait Gallery, London<\/a>, CC BY-NC-ND 3.0<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

My research into the first two years of his parliamentary career for the History of Parliament\u2019s Commons 1832-1868<\/a><\/em> project has revealed new insights into Gower\u2019s life as a young queer MP. This blog focuses on Gower\u2019s social life during his first year in Parliament, which mixed London\u2019s more conventional aristocratic social calendar with London\u2019s queer nightlife.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gower\u2019s detailed private diary reveals that he maintained a very busy social life after taking his seat in Parliament in May 1867. As well as attending aristocratic dinners and balls and the major cultural events of that year\u2019s London Season, he was a devoted attendee of London\u2019s art galleries, West End theatres and Covent Garden nightspots. He was usually accompanied on these frequent, and elongated, nights out by one or more of his close school or university friends: Robert \u2018Jorcy\u2019 Jocelyn (1846-1880), John \u2018Ian\u2019 Campbell, the Marquis of Lorne (1845-1914), Lord Archibald Campbell (1846-1913), or his brother Albert Sutherland-Leveson-Gower (1843-1874).<\/p>\n\n\n

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\"A<\/a>
One of Gower’s favourite London theatres, the Adelphi: ILN<\/em>, 18 Dec. 1858, British Newspaper Archive<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

During 1867 Gower was a regular presence in London\u2019s West End theatres: the Strand, the Adelphi, Drury Lane Theatre, Haymarket, St James\u2019s, the Royal Italian Opera House and the Royal Alhambra Palace. The acerbic witticisms that litter his diary suggest that he fancied himself as something of a theatrical critic, and he was more than happy to prioritise attending a new play over important debates in the Commons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On 28 June 1867, for instance, he missed a close vote over the Conservative ministry’s reform bill to attend the St James\u2019s Theatre to watch his favourite play of the season for the second time, Les Id\u00e9es De Madame Aubray <\/em>by Alexandre Dumas fils<\/em>. The crowd, he reported, were \u2018cheering [Monsieur] Ravel and [Mademoiselle] Deschamps being the principal performers but the whole company is excellent\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After attending the theatre (or escaping from what he invariably found to be \u2018very slow\u2019 aristocratic dinners or balls) Gower would usually move on to his favourite late-night Covent Garden drinking haunt, the notorious Evans\u2019s Supper-room, 43 King Street.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"A<\/a>
Evans’s Supper Room, 43 King Street, ILN<\/em>, 26 Jan. 1856, British Newspaper Archive<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Evans\u2019s was a male-only late night dining room and music hall<\/a> (with women only admitted to view proceedings from behind a screen and on presentation of their address). Known for its heavy drinking culture and \u2018madrigal glees\u2019 sung by \u2018well known boys\u2019, it was derided by temperance reformers during the 1860s for \u2018vice and profligacy\u2019 and for attracting disreputable gentlemen \u2018who had not paid a tailor\u2019s bill for the last seven years\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As a number of historians have shown, the theatres, pubs and clubs of London\u2019s West End were some of the most significant queer spaces in nineteenth-century London.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One contemporary recalled how from the 1850s \u2018the Adelphi Theatre, the Italian Opera, and the open parks at night became his fields of adventure\u2019. That Evans\u2019s Supper-room may also have been regarded by contemporaries as one of London\u2019s queer spaces is suggested by its mention in Thomas Boulton and Frederick Park\u2019s<\/a> sodomy trial of 1870. During their trial a witness reported that waiting staff at Evans\u2019s refused to remove the cross-dressed Park and Boulton from the establishment, as well as the latter\u2019s partner, the former MP for Newark, Lord Arthur Clinton (1840-1870).<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"A<\/a>
Advert to ‘sup’ after theatre at Evans’s Supper Rooms, Sun<\/em>, 5 July 1867, British Newspaper Archive<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Several remarkably open entries in his diary suggest that these queer spaces allowed Gower to pursue a brief relationship during July and August 1867 with the \u2018quite beautiful\u2019 and \u2018Spanishy\u2019 William John Mayne (1846-1902), the son of the first commissioner of the Metropolitan Police, Sir Richard Mayne (1796-1868). The relationship embraced the complete array of Gower\u2019s social haunts, evolving from a meeting at a conventional aristocratic ball, to a series of nights out in Gower\u2019s favourite Covent Garden nightspots.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"A<\/a>
Gower’s diary entry for 27 July 1867 where he describes the ‘quite beautiful’ and ‘Spanishy’ Richard Mayne, SRO, D6578\/15\/21<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

It appears that Gower and Mayne either met at a ball at Stafford House on 15 July 1867, or at the India Office Ball held later that week to celebrate the London visit of Ottoman Sultan Abdulaziz, which Gower described as \u2018probably the finest ball ever given in London\u2019. A week later Gower took Mayne for lunch and then to the Royal Academy of Arts:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

27 July 1867<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

On Saturday 27th<\/sup> [July] to town after lunch (a new friend) W. Mayne (Sir Richard\u2019s last son and youngest) came with me to the [Royal] Academy; he is 22 and quite beautiful; Spanishy; lived a good deal in Paris and has the most charming manners.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Gower\u2019s diary suggests he met with Mayne on four further occasions over the following few weeks. In addition to the places already discussed above, Gower\u2019s diary entries listed below mention Chiswick House, where Gower lived during 1867 with his mother the 2nd<\/sup> duchess of Sutherland; St. James\u2019s Club, Gower\u2019s gentleman\u2019s club then situated at Grafton Street; and 80 Chester Square, Mayne\u2019s home address:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
Carte de visite<\/strong><\/a> of Kate Terry (1844-1924) in her farewell performance at the Adelphi as Juliet, 31 Aug. 1867. Gower ‘found it impossible to get a place’ but saw her earlier that month with Mayne and witnessed her ‘charming’ penultimate performance on 30 Aug. as Beatrice in As You Like It<\/em>. \u00a9 Victoria and Albert Museum, London<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n

28 July 1867<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mayne came [to Chiswick House] in the afternoon and was (in Archie\u2019s [word illegible<\/em>]) booted \u2026 I drove Mayne back to [80] Chester Square at 7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3 Aug. 1867<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Later out with Will. Mayne (who I am exceptionally fond of).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5 Aug. 1867<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dined with W. Mayne at my Club (St. James\u2019s), and we went to the Adelphi to see Kate Terry in \u2018The Lady of Lyon\u2019, much disappointed; also to Evans\u2019s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

15 Aug. 1867<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

I went to town on the 15th<\/sup> and stopped the night, dining with W. Mayne and going with him to a concert at Covent Garden and also to Evans\u2019s.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Gower\u2019s diary contains no further mentions of Mayne, suggesting that the relationship ended abruptly. It may have been that Mayne spurned Gower\u2019s advances, that either one grew tired of each other, or that they were spotted. Both were high profile figures \u2013 the son of the commissioner of the Metropolitan Police and a member of Parliament \u2013 and if the affair had become public knowledge it would have been a society scandal.  Little is known about Mayne following this, aside from that he died, aged 56, unmarried and \u2018without profession\u2019 in Ostend, in August 1902.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Either way, for Gower the moment appears to have been a watershed. As my next blog will discuss, it was not long before rumours surrounding Gower\u2019s sexuality surfaced in Parliament, leading him to change his social habits and to long for an alternative mode of life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MS<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

This post is part two of a five article series. Follow the links to read more:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part one<\/strong>: ‘Lord Ronald Gower (1845-1916): the life of a queer MP at the time of the Second Reform Act’<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part three<\/strong>: ‘The \u2018beautiful boy\u2019 of the Commons: Lord Ronald Gower (1845-1916) and sexual identity in Parliament at the time of the Second Reform Act’<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part four<\/strong>: ‘A Highland canvass in a \u2018pocket county\u2019: Ronald Gower (1845-1916) and the 1867 Sutherland by-election<\/a>‘<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part five<\/strong>: ‘\u2018Covent Garden was lit up by a lucid light\u2019: an MP\u2019s account of the fire at Her Majesty\u2019s Theatre, 6 December 1867<\/a>‘<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Further Reading<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

S. Avery, K. M. Graham, Sex, Time and Place: Queer Histories of London, c.1850 to the Present<\/em> (2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Cook, London and the Culture of Homosexuality 1885-1914 <\/em>(2003)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H. G. Cocks, Nameless Offences: Homosexual Desire in the Nineteenth Century <\/em>(2003)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S. Joyce, ‘Two Women Walk into a Theatre Bathroom: The Fanny and Stella Trials as Trans Narrative’, Victorian Review<\/em> (2018), 83-98<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C. Upchurch, Before Wilde: Sex between Men in Britain\u2019s Age of Reform <\/em>(2009)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C. Upchurch, ‘Forgetting the Unthinkable: Cross-Dressers and British Society in the Case of the Queen vs. Boulton and Others’, Gender and History <\/em>(2000), 127-57<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This is an updated version of an article originally published on the Victorian Commons website<\/a> on 21 October 2020, written by Dr Martin Spychal<\/a>.<\/em><\/em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In the second article in his series on Lord Ronald Gower (1845-1916), Dr Martin Spychal explores Gower\u2019s London social life during his first year in Parliament, including a brief summer romance with the son of the commissioner of the Metropolitan Police. One of the most privileged men in nineteenth-century Britain, Lord Ronald Gower (1845-1916), was returned to Parliament in May 1867, aged 21, for his … Continue reading Lord Ronald Gower (1845-1916): the social life of a queer MP at the time of the Second Reform Act<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":99266922,"featured_media":18274,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_crdt_document":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false},"categories":[124494893,4706867,3737,11502563,774275561],"tags":[8742801,314707,774276175,5386],"class_list":["post-18113","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-victorian-commons","category-19th-century-history","category-material-culture","category-lgbtq-history","category-victorian","tag-lord-ronald-gower","tag-queer-history","tag-ronald-gower-series","tag-theatre"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/historyofparliament.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Gower-Camile-Silvy-1865-%C2%A9-National-Portrait-Gallery-London-CC-BY-NC-ND-3.0-copy.png?fit=693%2C339&ssl=1","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p2QYNW-4I9","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":18103,"url":"https:\/\/historyofparliament.com\/2025\/08\/11\/lord-ronald-gower-life-of-a-queer-mp\/","url_meta":{"origin":18113,"position":0},"title":"Lord Ronald Gower (1845-1916): the life of a queer MP at the time of the Second Reform Act","author":"Martin Spychal","date":"August 11, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"Dr Martin Spychal introduces his series of articles on Lord Ronald Gower (1845-1916), who was elected as MP for Sutherland in 1867. 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