{"id":17656,"date":"2025-07-01T08:30:00","date_gmt":"2025-07-01T07:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/historyofparliament.com\/?p=17656"},"modified":"2025-06-26T16:40:49","modified_gmt":"2025-06-26T15:40:49","slug":"harriet-grote-radicalism-and-parliament","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/historyofparliament.com\/2025\/07\/01\/harriet-grote-radicalism-and-parliament\/","title":{"rendered":"\u2018Had she been a man, she would have been the leader of a party\u2019: Harriet Grote (1792-1878), radicalism and Parliament, 1820-41"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

In the first of his articles on Harriet Grote (1792-1878)<\/a>, our research fellow Dr Martin Spychal<\/a>, explores Harriet\u2019s early life, her emergence as a central figure among London\u2019s intellectual radicals during the 1820s and her arrival on the Westminster political scene during the reform crisis of 1830-32\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"a<\/a>
‘The Empress’ Harriet, aged 14, with two of her younger siblings (ed.), The Lewin Letters<\/em> (1909)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Harriet Grote, n\u00e9e Lewin, grew up in the comfortable surrounds of Ridgeway Castle<\/a> near Southampton, which her father, Thomas Lewin (1753-1843), built with his earnings as a merchant for the East India Company. A tall and commanding presence in the Lewin household, Harriet was known from an early age as \u2018The Empress\u2019 or \u2018Empress of the world\u2019 by her parents, siblings and family friends.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Her height set her apart from her peers. Harriet recalled how at eleven \u2018I grew tall of my age, and naturally stooped a little, as most growing girls do\u2019. Her parents tried to \u2018counteract\u2019 her slouching by requiring her to wear an elaborate back brace. \u2018This accursed instrument\u2019, Harriet recalled, was \u2018one of the bitterest grievances of my youth\u2019. She later blamed the brace for her \u2018bad headaches\u2019 (migraines) that she suffered throughout adulthood.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Harriet was educated by a string of governesses, one of the longest serving being the \u2018brutal\u2019 and \u2018tyrannical\u2019 Miss Beetham, who Harriet nicknamed \u2018The Beetham\u2019. From an early age her teachers struggled to match her intellect, forcing Harriet to seek her early mentorship in politics, literature and music from her father, aunts and family friends.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

Harriet’s childhood home ‘Ridgeway Castle’ c.1800 \u00a9 Bitterne Local History Society<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Her governesses also struggled to keep up with what Harriet referred to as her \u2018energetic disposition\u2019 and love for \u2018any bodily exercise requiring skill and even personal danger\u2019. Miss Beetham was particularly alarmed by this \u2018active, ardent … [and] unfeminine\u2019 character trait, taking it upon herself to \u2018cure\u2019 Harriet of such \u2018propensities \u201cunbecoming a young lady\u201d\u2019. Thankfully, Miss Beetham failed and Harriet\u2019s unwillingness to conform to gender stereotypes in dress, speech, character, hobbies and intellectual pursuits remained one of her most commonly remarked upon characteristics throughout her life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

By 1815 Harriet and her family had moved to Bexley in Kent, which was where she met the banker, self-trained scholar and future MP, George Grote (1794-1871). During a five-year courtship George took it upon himself to educate Harriet in the \u2018classic texts of political economy and philosophy\u2019. Harriet was easily George\u2019s intellectual match and together they cultivated a shared radical, utilitarian and atheist outlook. They eloped against both of their parents\u2019 wishes in 1820.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"An<\/a>
Portrait of Jeremy Bentham writing, Robert Matthew Sully (1827), \u00a9 The Trustees of the British Museum<\/a>, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

After their marriage Harriet and George lived between their central London residence, 62 Threadneedle Street, and a string of suburban North London homes, eventually settling in Green Lanes, Stoke Newington. It was at Threadneedle Street, or \u2018Threddle\u2019 as she referred to it, where Harriet established herself as a key figure among London\u2019s radical intellectuals of the 1820s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Grotes became close friends with the leading utilitarian thinkers Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) and James Mill (1773-1836), who they hosted at their twice-weekly reading group and evening salons at Threadneedle Street. The reading group, which at various points included figures such as John Stuart Mill, David Ricardo, John Ramsay McCulloch, John and Sarah Austin, and John Arthur Roebuck, \u2018met every Wednesday and Saturday \u2026 at the dreary hour of 8:30 am, and broke their fast upon the latest emanation of the [James] Mill brain\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"A<\/a>
Harriet rescheduling a salon with John Arthur Roebuck due to the ‘horrid weather’ and because George was ‘plagued in a cold’, 25 Jan. 1827. Image supplied by UCL Library Services, Special Collections, MS MISC\/2\/G<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

In contrast to her reclusive husband, Harriet was outgoing, charming and sociable. One contemporary remarked \u2018I like him [George], he is so ladylike, and I like her, she\u2019s such a perfect gentleman\u2019. As an active hostess and contributor to discussions, it was Harriet rather than George who turned \u2018Threddle\u2019 into an intellectual hub for London\u2019s utilitarians and political economists. Importantly, her role as the Threadneedle Street hostess set her on the path to becoming a prolific \u2018woman of letters\u2019, placing her at the centre of an expansive national, and international, network of political and intellectual correspondents over the following decades.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Having previously remained aloof from Westminster politics, the Grotes were thrown into a decade of parliamentary and political activism during the reform crisis of 1830-32. With the blessing of James Mill, George ran the reform campaign for the City of London at the 1831 general election and Harriet recalled how at times, particularly during the \u2018Days of May\u2019, politics became \u2018so intensely exciting\u2019 that \u2018we scarce did anything but listen for news, and run about from one house to another\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the 1832 Reform Act, and for a brief period of time during the Grey ministry, Harriet and George saw a path to real, radical political change. As I\u2019ll explore in subsequent articles, Harriet spent the next decade pushing the boundaries of political convention in an attempt to effect this change\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MS<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To read part two of Martin’s article series click here<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Links to Martin’s series on Harriet Grote are below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part 1<\/strong>: \u2018\u2018Had she been a man, she would have been the leader of a party\u2019: Harriet Grote (1792-1878), radicalism and Parliament, 1820-41<\/a>\u2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part 2<\/strong>: \u2018The radical hostess of Parliament Street: Harriet Grote (1792-1878), the 1832 election and establishing influence as a woman at Westminster<\/a>\u2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part 3<\/strong>: \u2018Harriet Grote (1792-1878) and the first reformed Parliament, 1833-34: a woman at Westminster<\/a>\u2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part 4<\/strong>: \u2018\u2018Another of my female politicians\u2019 epistles\u2019: Harriet Grote (1792-1878), the 1835 Parliament and the failed attempt to establish a radical party<\/a>\u2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part 5:<\/strong> \u2018\u2018She, yes, she was the only member of parliament\u2019: Harriet Grote, radical parliamentary tactics and House of Lords reform, 1835-6<\/a>\u2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part 6<\/strong>: \u2018Ballot boxes, bills and unions: Harriet Grote (1792-1878) and the public campaign for the ballot, 1832-9<\/a>\u2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Harriet Grote’s letter to John Arthur Roebuck was on display as part of the <\/em>Reform, React, Rebel<\/em><\/a> exhibition at UCL, which was curated by Martin and Dr Vivienne Larminie. The <\/em>exhibition catalogue<\/em><\/a> and a <\/em>video introducing the exhibition<\/em><\/a> can be viewed online. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Further Reading<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

S. Richardson, \u2018A Regular Politician in Breeches: The Life and Work of Harriet Lewin Grote\u2019, in K. Demetrious (ed.), Brill\u2019s Companion to George Grote and the Classical Tradition <\/em>(2014)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

J. Hamburger, \u2018Grote [n\u00e9e<\/em> Lewin], Harriet\u2019, Oxf. DNB, <\/em>www.oxforddnb.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lady Eastlake, Mrs Grote: A Sketch <\/em>(1880)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H. Grote, Collected Papers: In Prose and Verse 1842-1862 <\/em>(1862)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H. Grote (ed.), Posthumous Papers: Comprising Selections from Familiar Correspondence <\/em>(1874)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. L. Clarke, George Grote: A Biography<\/em> (1962)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This is an updated version of an article originally published on the Victorian Commons website<\/a> on 4 January 2021, written by Dr Martin Spychal.<\/em><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In the first of his articles on Harriet Grote (1792-1878), our research fellow Dr Martin Spychal, explores Harriet\u2019s early life, her emergence as a central figure among London\u2019s intellectual radicals during the 1820s and her arrival on the Westminster political scene during the reform crisis of 1830-32\u2026 Harriet Grote, n\u00e9e Lewin, grew up in the comfortable surrounds of Ridgeway Castle near Southampton, which her father, … Continue reading \u2018Had she been a man, she would have been the leader of a party\u2019: Harriet Grote (1792-1878), radicalism and Parliament, 1820-41<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":99266922,"featured_media":17700,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_crdt_document":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false},"categories":[4706867,774275561,124494893,1450539],"tags":[1346384,762283908,2866143,196052488,774275785,54267],"class_list":["post-17656","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-19th-century-history","category-victorian","category-victorian-commons","category-women-and-parliament","tag-city-of-london","tag-female-political-activity","tag-george-grote","tag-harriet-grote","tag-radical","tag-radicalism"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/historyofparliament.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Harriet-Frederick-Frances-1806-SM.jpg?fit=1109%2C578&ssl=1","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p2QYNW-4AM","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":9704,"url":"https:\/\/historyofparliament.com\/2022\/07\/14\/harriet-grote\/","url_meta":{"origin":17656,"position":0},"title":"Ballot boxes, bills and unions: Harriet Grote (1792-1878) and the public campaign for the ballot,\u00a01832-9","author":"Martin Spychal","date":"July 14, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"In part six of his article series on Harriet Grote, Dr Martin Spychal, research fellow in our House of Commons 1832-68 project, explores the role of\u00a0Harriet Grote (1792-1878)\u00a0in the popular and parliamentary campaign for the ballot during the 1830s. 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Harriet Grote (1792-1878) was one of the most important British politicians of the 1830s. As I\u2019ve discussed in my\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "19th Century history"","block_context":{"text":"19th Century history","link":"https:\/\/historyofparliament.com\/category\/centuries\/19th-century-history\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/historyofparliament.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Lantern-Banner.jpg?fit=765%2C342&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/historyofparliament.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Lantern-Banner.jpg?fit=765%2C342&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/historyofparliament.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Lantern-Banner.jpg?fit=765%2C342&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/historyofparliament.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Lantern-Banner.jpg?fit=765%2C342&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":17641,"url":"https:\/\/historyofparliament.com\/2025\/07\/01\/the-radical-hostess-of-parliament-street-harriet-grote\/","url_meta":{"origin":17656,"position":2},"title":"The radical hostess of Parliament Street: Harriet Grote (1792-1878), the 1832 election and establishing influence as a woman at Westminster","author":"Martin Spychal","date":"July 1, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"In the second of his articles on Harriet Grote (1792-1878), our research fellow, Dr Martin Spychal, explores Harriet\u2019s introduction to electoral politics at the 1832 election and her preparations for the 1833 parliamentary session\u2026 The 1832 election introduced Harriet Grote (1792-1878) to several of the traditional, and not so traditional,\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Victorian Commons"","block_context":{"text":"Victorian Commons","link":"https:\/\/historyofparliament.com\/category\/sections\/victorian-commons\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/historyofparliament.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/h-grotec.1830-Landseer-SM.jpg?fit=641%2C320&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/historyofparliament.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/h-grotec.1830-Landseer-SM.jpg?fit=641%2C320&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/historyofparliament.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/h-grotec.1830-Landseer-SM.jpg?fit=641%2C320&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":11532,"url":"https:\/\/historyofparliament.com\/2023\/07\/11\/harriet-grote-1835-parliament-and-the-failed-attempt-to-establish-a-radical-party\/","url_meta":{"origin":17656,"position":3},"title":"\u2018Another of my female politicians\u2019 epistles\u2019: Harriet Grote (1792-1878), the 1835 Parliament and the failed attempt to establish a radical party","author":"Martin Spychal","date":"July 11, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"In the fourth of his articles on Harriet Grote (1792-1878), our research fellow Dr Martin Spychal looks at Harriet\u2019s involvement in the abortive attempt to establish a radical party at Westminster in the wake of the 1835 election. In November 1834 four years of Whig government came to an end\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Victorian Commons"","block_context":{"text":"Victorian Commons","link":"https:\/\/historyofparliament.com\/category\/sections\/victorian-commons\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/historyofparliament.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/political-drama-77-SM.jpeg?fit=1016%2C529&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/historyofparliament.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/political-drama-77-SM.jpeg?fit=1016%2C529&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/historyofparliament.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/political-drama-77-SM.jpeg?fit=1016%2C529&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/historyofparliament.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/political-drama-77-SM.jpeg?fit=1016%2C529&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":17606,"url":"https:\/\/historyofparliament.com\/2025\/07\/01\/harriet-grote-house-of-lords-reform\/","url_meta":{"origin":17656,"position":4},"title":"\u2018She, yes, she was the only member of parliament\u2019: Harriet Grote, radical parliamentary tactics and House of Lords reform, 1835-6","author":"Martin Spychal","date":"July 1, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"In the fifth of his\u00a0articles on Harriet Grote (1792-1878), our research fellow\u00a0Dr Martin Spychal\u00a0explores Harriet\u2019s relationship with the veteran radical Francis Place (1771-1854), her views on radical tactics and her increasingly resourceful strategies for influencing Parliament during the 1835 and 1836 parliamentary sessions. 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